Board characteristics, institutional ownership, and investment efficiency: Evidence from an emerging market.

This study investigates the impact of board governance mechanism on investment efficiency (IE) in PSX-listed firms. The study also examines the role of institutional ownership (IO) in board-IE relationships. In addition, we extend our analysis to re-examine this relationship by splitting the sample into two groups, i.e., the introductory phase of corporate governance (CG) i.e., 2004 to 2013, and revised codes of CG (2014 to 2018) to examine the impact of these separately on IE. The sample data comprises 155 non-financial PSX-listed firms from 2004 to 2018. IE is measured using firms' growth opportunities. The random effect model is used to test the study's hypotheses. A robustness test is also performed to validate the study's findings. The paired-sample t-test results show a significant improvement in IE after revising the CG codes in 2012. According to the regression results, board size has a significant direct, whereas board diversity has a significant inverse effect on IE. Regarding moderating effect, IO was found to moderate the relationship between board independence and IE significantly. Furthermore, it was discovered that following the issuance of revised CG codes-2012, the level of board independence and diversity increased in PSX-listed firms; however, only diversity positively impacted IE, and board independence had no impact on IE from 2014 to 2018. Despite the issuance of revised CG codes-2012, the level of CG among PSX-listed firms is low, which is a source of concern for regulators such as the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan.

Correlation analysis of serum anti-Mullerian hormone level and ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the level of anti Mullerian hormone (AMH) in serum and ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods:The clinical data of 88 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) admitted to Jiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2019 to June 2022 and 50 women of the same age who underwent physical examination during the same period (normal control group) were collected retrospectively. The patients in the PCOS group were divided into two subgroups according to the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) evaluated by the steady-state model. Among them, patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.69 were divided into the insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-IR subgroup, 50 cases), and patients with HOMA-IR<2.69 were divided into the non-insulin resistance subgroup (PCOS-NIR subgroup, 38 cases). The level of AMH were measured by electrochemiluminescence, and ovarian interstitial blood flow indicators, including peak blood flow velocity (PSV), pulsation index (PI), and resistance index (RI) were monitored. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum AMH and insulin resistance and ovarian interstitial blood flow. Meanwhile, Logistic linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS.Results:The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS group were higher than those in the normal control group: (2.13 ± 0.84) μg/L vs. (0.84 ± 0.29) μg/L, 4.6(2.0, 8.4) vs. 1.8(0.5, 3.9), (10.05 ± 1.52) cm/s vs.(6.78 ± 0.89) cm/s; the PI and RI in the PCOS group were lower than those in the control group: (1.14 ± 0.26)% vs. (2.01 ± 0.53)%, (0.37 ± 0.18)% vs. (0.85 ± 0.33)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The levels of AMH, HOMA-IR and PSV in the PCOS-IR subgroup were higher than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (2.68 ± 0.81) μg/L vs. (1.59 ± 0.43) μg/L, (10.74 ± 2.32) cm/s vs. (7.93 ± 1.90) cm/s, 7.2(3.1, 15.8) vs. 2.1(0.6, 5.3); the PI and RI in the PCOS-IR subgroup were lower than those in the PCOS-NIR subgroup: (0.88 ± 0.35)% vs. (1.52 ± 0.50)%, (0.29 ± 0.04)% vs. (0.51 ± 0.05)%, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the level of AMH were positively correlated with PSV and HOMA-IR ( r = 0.694 and 0.540, P<0.05), but negatively correlated with PI and RI( r = - 0.687 and - 0.692, P<0.05). Logistic linear regression model analysis showed that AMH and HOMA-IR were risk factors for ovarian interstitial blood flow in patients with PCOS( P<0.05). Conclusions:The serum AMH level in patients with PCOS is abnormally high and increases with insulin resistance. At the same time, the imbalance of AMH expression plays an important role in the increase of abnormal ovarian interstitial blood flow.

Acupuncture reduces pain in rats with osteoarthritis by inhibiting MCP2/CCR2 signaling pathway.

Acupuncture is an emerging alternative therapy that has been beneficial for the pain of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanism of protective effect remains unclear. MCP1/CCR2 axis can be stimulated in various periods of OA, and we hypothesize that acupuncture may treat OA by regulating the MCP1/CCR2 axis. This study aimed to explore the effect of acupuncture at points ST35 and ST36 on the effects of hyperalgesia and cartilage in OA rats including the expression of chemokines, nerve growth factor (NGF), and inflammatory-related proteins. OA was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection at the right knee. The first acupuncture intervention was performed on the seventh day after surgery and once a day for seven weeks. The knee-pain-related behaviors, histology, and related protein were examined in this study. We have found that electroacupuncture at ST35 and ST36 can significantly alleviate the hyperalgesia and cartilage degeneration as well as reducing nerve sprouting in OA knee joint. Moreover, acupuncture treatment may inhibit the MCP1/CCR2 axis as well as down-regulate inflaming factor and NGF in cartilage and synovial tissue. The data presented here indicate that acupuncture exerts a protective effect against hyperalgesia and cartilage degeneration, and the mechanism might involve in chemokines and NGF pathway.

Mitochondrial G12630A variation is associated with statin-induced myalgia in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To identify mitochondrial gene variants associated with statin-induced myalgia in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CHD).@*METHODS@#This study was conducted in a cohort of 403 patients with CHD receiving rosuvastatin therapy, among whom 341 patients had complete follow-up data concerning myalgia and 389 patients had documented measurements of plasma creatine kinase (CK) level. All these patients underwent genetic analysis using GSA chip for detecting mitochondria gene variants associated with myalgia. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between 69 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and myopathy in 341 patients. The impact of these mutation sites on CK levels in 389 patients was evaluated by linear regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#G12630A variant was identified to correlate with an increased risk of myalgia in CHD patients (OR: 8.689, 95% @*CONCLUSIONS@#Mitochondrial G12630A variation is associated with statin-induced myalgia in patients with CHD, indicating the necessity of different treatment strategies for patients who carry this risk allele.

NADPH oxidase NOX4 inhibitor regulates the formation and mechanism of hepatoma related fibroblasts / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of glx351322, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX4), on the formation of tumor associated fibroblasts (CAFs). METHODS: NIH3T3 cells were co-cultured with H22 cells. 5 μm (IC50) GLX351322 cells were pretreated with NIH3T3. After PI staining, flow cytometry was used to detect the change of cell cycle, immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of CAFs markers α-SMA and FAP, Western blot was used to detect the expression of CAFs markers α-SMA, Desmin, FAP, TSP-1, FSP, CyclinD, TGF-β1 and Smad1.After H22 was used to construct tumor bearing mice model, GLX351322 was used for treatment,Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of α-SMA and CAFs in tumor tissue. RESULTS:GLX351322 pretreatment could inhibit the proliferation of NIH3T3, decrease cell viability and change cell cycle. At the same time, it could down-regulate the expression of α-SMA, desmin, FAP, TSP-1, FSP, CyclinD, and TGF-β signal was inhibited. GLX351322 also significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA and CAFs markers in tumor mice. CONCLUSION: GLX351322, a NOX4 inhibitor, can inhibit the formation of tumor-related fibroblasts, which is related to the inhibition of TGF-β signal.

Knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety in primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the status of knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety in primary and secondary school students in Xiacheng District of Hangzhou. @*Methods@#The students of fourth to seventh grade from seven schools in Xiacheng District were selected and surveyed for their knowledge,attitude and behaviors of road traffic safety by self-designed questionnaires. @*Results@#Totally 4 006（99.98%）students completed the survey,who mostly had awareness rates of over 90% in knowledge about safe behaviors when walking,walking across the road and riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle. The awareness rates of"should not run across the road","should not ride side by side"and"should not ride on the motorway"were relatively low,which were 81.65%,85.72% and 82.78%,respectively. About 68.47% of students thought it necessary to wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle,72.22% of students thought it necessary to wear seatbelt or use child safety seat when taking a car. The two rates were significantly higher in girls than boys and in primary school students than secondary school students（P<0.05）. The top three unsafe behaviors the students did in the past six months were"not wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or an electric bicycle","run across the road"and"ride on the motorway",the rates of which were 86.84%,10.06% and 7.91%,respectively. @*Conclusion@#The knowledge of road traffic safety among primary and middle school students in Xiacheng District is mastered well. Interventions should be focused on unsafe behaviors including not wearing a helmet when cycling,riding on the motorway and running cross the road.

Differential diagnosis value of ultrasound elastography in Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of ultrasound elastography in Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015, 21 patients (25 nodules) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and malignant nodules and 52 patients(76 nodules) with benign nodules in Jiangshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were studied. All nodules were detected by color Doppler ultrasound and ultrasound elastography. Results The proportion of boundaries clear,morphological rules,non-low-echo,no calcification or coarse calcifications,RI value <0. 70,blood flow grade 0 -Ⅰin patients with malignant nodules(32. 0％,24. 0％,12. 0％,40. 0％,32. 0％,24. 0％) were lower than those of the benign group(80. 3％, 51. 3％,47. 4％,97. 4％,60. 5％,51. 3％)(χ2 =20. 245,5. 682,9. 928,44. 228,6. 153,5. 682,P=0. 000,0. 017, 0. 002,0. 000,0. 013,0. 017). The sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with malignant and benign nodules were 68. 0％, 75. 0％ and 73. 2％,respectively. The ultrasound elastography ≥Ⅲ grade level was as the predictor of malignant nodules, the sensitivity,specificity and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound elastography in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules were 88. 0％,69. 7％ and 74. 3％,respectively. The ultrasound elastography strain rate ratio=5. 13 was the cut-off point,the ultrasound elastography strain rate ratio in diagnosing Hashimoto's thyroiditis with benign and malignant nodules,the sensitivity was 76. 0％,the specificity was 92. 1％,the diagnostic accuracy was 88. 1％. Conclusion Ultrasound elastography grading and ultrasound elastography strain rate have certain value in the differential diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with malignant and benign nodule.

Effects of Paeonol on Wnt and BMP/Smad Signal Transduction Pathway in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of paeonol on Wnt and BMP/Smad pathway in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) model mice,and to investigate prevention and treatment mechanism of paeonol for AS. METHODS:40 mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,sulfasalazine group(positive control,9 mg/kg)and paeonol group(3 mg/kg),with 10 mice in each group. In addition to the normal group,Freund's adjuvant and proteoglycan were used to establish AS model in each group. After modeling,mice in each administration group were given relevant medicine intragastrically;normal group and model group were given constant volume of distilled water intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 20 d. After last administration, the mice were killed,TEM was used to observe the ultrastructural pathologic change of synovial cells in articulationes sacroiliaca. The serum contents of TNF-α and DKK-1 were determined by ELISA,and the mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,serum content of TNF-α in model group was increased significantly,while serum content of DKK-1 was decreased significantly;mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were increased significantly,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Under the electron microscope,the synoviocytes of mice in model group were proliferated and arranged in disorder,and the secretory activity of active organelles were hyperactivity and the gap among cells became widened. Compared with model group, serum content of TNF-α in sulfasalazine group and paeonol group were decreased significantly;serum content of DKK-1 was increased significantly and mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial tissue were decreased significantly in paeonol group,with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Electron microscopy showed that mitochondria,lysosome and rough endoplasmic reticulum structure of synovial cell were improved significantly in paeonol group. CONCLUSIONS:The mechanism prevention and treatment of paeonol on AS may be associated with reducing serum content of TNF-α,increasing serum content of DKK-1,down-regulating mRNA expressions of BMP-2,Cbfα1 and Smad1 in synovial cells,inhibiting Wnt and BMP/Smad ossification related signal transduction pathway and reversing osteogenic differentiation of synovial cells.

Clinical application of modified pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps in repairing postoperative defects following head and neck malignant tumor operation / 重庆医学

Objective To explore the clinical effects of modified pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps(PMMFs) in repairing postoperative defects following head and neck malignant tumor radical operation.Methods Twenty-eight patients with surgical defects after head and neck malignant tumor operation in this hospital from September 2013 to January 2017 were selected and performed the repairing reconstruction by modified PMMFs,then observed and followed up for the survival of the flaps.Results All 28 cases were followed-up for 3-36 months,all modified PMMFs survived.Using modified PMMFs to repair surgical defects following head and neck malignant tumor operation had the advantages of high survival rate and less trauma;meanwhile the swallow and language function could obtain the maximal recovery.Conclusion Using modified PMMFs to repair surgical defects following head and neck malignant tumor operation has good clinical curative effect and is worth clinical application.

Effect of Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng Formula on the Contents of TNF-α and DKK-1 in Serum of Model Mice with Proteoglycan-induced Arthritis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula on the contents of tumor necrosis fac-tor α(TNF-α)and ossification-related factor DKK-1 in serum of model mice with arthritis,and reveal its mechanism in the treat-ment of arthritis. METHODS:60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,sulfasalazine group(posi-tive control,9 mg/kg) and Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (calculated by crude drug as 11.25,22.5,45 g/kg),10 in each group. Except for normal group,other 50 mice were intraperitoneallly injected complete Freund's adjuvant + proteoglycans to induce model with arthritis. After modeling,mice in each administration group were intragastrically administrated relevant medicines,mice in normal group and model group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of normal saline,once a day,for 20 d. After administration,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the contents of TNF-αand DKK-1 in serum of mice in each group,and ultrastructural changes of sacroiliac joint synovial cells were ob-served by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,TNF-α content in serum in model group was obviously increased,DKK-1 content was obviously decreased (P<0.05);sacroiliac joint synovial cells showed hyperplasia, organellar deformation,mitochondrial swelling and other pathologic damage. Compared with model group,TNF-α contents in se-rum in each administration group were obviously decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);except for sulfasalazine group,the DKK-1 con-tent of mice in other administration groups were obviously increased (P<0.05). Pathologic damages of sacroiliac joint synovial cells in each administration group were reduced to varying degrees,and improvement degree in Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng for-mula groups was higher than sulfasalazine group. CONCLUSIONS:Xuchangqing-ermiaosan-santeng formula may inhibit the sacroil-iac arthritis and pathological ossification of model mice with arthritis by decreasing TNF-α content and increasing DKK-1 content in serum.

Analysis of the relationship between the characteristics of X-ray and MRI and the level of ER/PR/HER2 expression in breast cancer patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between the characteristics of X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and the expression level of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and human epithelial factor receptor 2(HER2)in breast cancer patients.Methods 108 cases of breast cancer patients in the first 74 Hospital of the PLA from January 2013 to Janu-ary 2017 were selected as the research object.Clinical,pathological and imaging data of patients were collected.All patients were ex-amined by X-ray and MRI after admission.The expressions of ER,PR and HER2 in cancer cells were detected by immunohisto-chemical staining.Results The expression of ER,PR and HER2 was positive in 73 cases(67.59%),63 cases(58.33%)and 43 ca-ses(39.81%),respectively.The positive rate of HER2 in patients with calcification was higher than that in patients without calcifi-cation(P<0.05).The positive rate of PR in patients with calcification along the duct was lower than that in patients of whom the calcification was not along the duct,and the positive rate of PR in patients with glandular or mixed density was higher than that in patients with structural disorder(P< 0.05).The positive rate of ER was higher in patients with calcification,mass,spiculation signs,glandular or mixed density(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rate of HER2 between patients with different shapes and different enhancement modes(P<0.05),and there was a significant difference in the positive rate of PR be-tween patients with different enhancement modes(P<0.05).Calcification displayed by X-ray mammography was positively corre-lated with HER2,calcification along the duct was negatively correlated with the expression of PR,calcification with mass was posi-tively correlated with ER and negatively correlated with PR,spiculation sign was positively correlated with ER,and structural disor-der was negatively correlated with ER and PR.Mass type and inhomogeneous enhancement of MRI signs were negatively correlated with HER2,irregular shape was positively correlated with HER2,and inhomogeneous enhancement was positively correlated with PR (r = 0 .363 ,- 0 .375 ,0 .368 ,- 0 .326 ,0 .426 ,- 0 .489 ,- 0 .373 ,- 0 .468 ,- 0 .403 ,0 .391 ,0 .425 ;P < 0 .05) .Conclusion There is a correlation of signs of X‐ray mammography and MRI signs with the expression of ER ,PR and HER2 .Imaging changes can predict the expression of some biological factors of breast cancer ,which is related to hormones ,chemotherapy sensitivity and the prognosis of patients.

Effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture on pancreatic endocrine system in patients with simple obesity / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe different efficacies of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on pancreatic endocrine system in male and female patients with simple obesity due to spleen deficiency-related dampness.Methods:A total of 80 simple obesity patients were assigned to a male group (n=37) and a female group (n=43). Both groups received a 30-minute low-frequency EA at Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4). The treatment was done once a day, and 10 times made up a course of treatment. Patients in both groups were treated for 2 courses. Then the changes in body mass index (BMI), serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin level in the two groups were observed and analyzed.Results:After treatment, the BMI, serum insulin, insulin antibodies and leptin levels were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.01 orP<0.05); the BMI and serum insulin concentration were more significantly reduced in the male group than those in the female group (bothP<0.01); and the leptin level was more significantly reduced in the female group than that in the male group (P<0.01).Conclusion: EA can significantly regulate BMI and pancreatic endocrine system in both men and women with simple obesity; however, there is a gender difference: better effect for men in reducing BMI and serum insulin and better effect for women in reducing serum leptin level.

Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis from Blood Stasis / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To explore the clinical experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong in treating chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) from blood stasis.[Methods]Through the analysis of literature,tracing the source of the disease,following the teacher clinic and collecting relevant medical records,Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's clinical experience in treating CAG from blood stasis is summarized from the aspects of etiology,pathogenesis,treatment and so on.At the same time,the characteristics of the prescription of herbal are summarized,and exemplify that.[Result]Professor ZHOU Xiaohong thinks that blood stasis is the basic pathological factor of CAG.It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of this disease,and blood circulation and blood stasis should be carried through the whole process of clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.ZHOU attachs importance to the application of drugs for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis,such as syndrome differentiation,disease differentiation,experience.In addition,another key view is the selection of drugs that can activate blood circulation to remove blood stasis,combining with modern research.The uhimatc result is to promote rcstoration of the gastric mucosa and absorption of local inflammation,enhance and improve the function of gastric mucosal barrier,reduce the degree of glandular atrophy,prevent cancer,and,thus significantly improve clinical efficacy.[Conclusion] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong has rich clinical experience and unique opinion in treatment of CAG.The clinical curative effect of CAG from the treatment of blood stasis is significant,which is worth learning and popularizing.

Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's Experience in Treating Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to explore and summarize the experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong's treatment of non-erosive reflux disease(NERD),and promote the application in clinic.[Method] By following the professor ZHOU Xiaohong clinical copy and collecting related medical record,the autor summed up the viewpoints and medication experience of Professor ZHOU Xiaohong in the treatment of NERD,and referred to traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine literature as the theoretical basis,and attached to the corresponding test case,in order to verify.[Results] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong believes that the pathogenesis of NERD is closely related to the liver,and modern research has confirmed that it is affected by mental and psychological factors.Stagnated heat in liver and stomach is the basic pathogenesis,and to soothe the liver and relieve depression is basic treatment,and according to the severity of the disease stage,treatment is different.Clearing heat and normalizing the stomach at acute episode and relieving qi stagnancy in liver in relieving period.At the same time with relieving sore throat and resolving phlegm and eliminating stagnation medicine and symptomatic treatment,the qi regulating,and the disease can be cured.[Conclusion] Professor ZHOU Xiaohong has rich clinical experience and unique clinical effect,it is worth further study.

Molecular structure and alternative splicing analysis of heat shock factors of Schistosoma japonicum / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To clone and identify the heat shock factors(HSFs)of Schistosoma japonicum and analyze its molec?ular structure and alternative splicing pattern. Methods The New Zealand rabbits were infected with the cercariae of Schistoso?ma japonicum and were killed and dissected 42 days post?infection,and the adult worms of S. japonicum and the livers of the rabbits were harvested. Then,the total RNA was extracted by using Trizol reagent. The Sj?hsf open reading frame(ORF)and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified by RT?PCR from the female,male and egg samples,then cloned and verified by enzyme digestion and sequencing. DNAMAN 8.0,InterPro,Mega 6 combined with the Internet databases were utilized to clarify the gene structure,functional domains,alternative splicing pattern,and the homology and phylogenetic tree of HSFs. Re?sults Sj?hsf ORF and the alternative splicing fragments were amplified from the female,male and egg samples of S. japonicum by RT?PCR. After cloning,the positive recombinant plasmids pBSjHSFf?F,pBSjHSFf?M,pBSjHSFf?E containing Sj?hsf ORF, pBSjHSFs?F,pBSjHSFs?M,pBSjHSFs?E with Sj?hsf alternative splicing fragments were identified by enzyme digestion and se?quencing. Three alternative splicing Sj?hsf isoforms were observed through sequence analysis:Sj?hsf?isoform1(2 050 bp),Sj?hsf ?isoform2(2 086 bp)and Sj?hsf?isoform3(2 111 bp);the GenBank accession numbers were KU954546,KX119143 and KX119144,respectively. All the three isoforms located in the same Contig SJC_S000780 of S. japonicum genome and all ex?pressed at female,male and egg stages,but Sj?hsf?isoform1 with a high?level expression. Sj?HSF?isoform1(671 aa)and Sj?HSF?isoform2(683 aa)had DBD(DNA binding domain),HR?A/B and HR?C domains,while Sj?HSF?isoform3(282 aa)stopped in advance without HR?C domain. Phylogenetic tree analysis of HSFs illustrated that Sj?HSFs belonged to HSF1 family,with a close phylogenetic relationship to Sm?HSFs. Conclusions There are three alternative splicing isoforms of Sj?HSF existing in the female,male and egg stages of S. japonicum,but Sj?HSF?isoform1 expresses in a high?level. This study lays the foundation for further study on molecular mechanisms of Sj?HSFs in regulating the heat shock response system.

Relationship between morphological changes of autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the relationship between morphological changes of autophagy and apoptosis in the PC12 cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation .METHODS:The PC12 cells were randomly di-vided into normal control group , oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , autophagy inhibitor group and auto-phagy activator group .The cells in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , autophagy inhibitor group and au-tophagy activator group were exposed to reoxygenation (12 h) after 3 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation, and autophagy inhib-itor 3-methyladenine and autophagy activator rapamycin were added into the cells at the same time .Using transmission elec-tron microscope and monodansylcadaverine fluorescence staining , the morphological changes of autophagosome were ob-served.The apoptosis of the PC12 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and TUNEL method.RESULTS: Compared with normal control group , the numbers of autophagosomes and the apoptotic rates in-creased in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group (P<0.05).Compared with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation group , the numbers of autophagosomes decreased obviously ( P<0.05 ) and the apoptotic rates increased markedly in autophagy inhibitor group (P<0.05).The numbers of autophagosomes increased obviously (P<0.05), the apoptotic rates decreased markedly ( P<0.05 ) , the autophagosomes became bigger in size , and autolysosomes was also found in autophagy activator group .CONCLUSION: Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation induce autophagy in PC12 cells, and autophagy inhibits cell apoptosis to play a protective role .

Research status of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine drugs combined the western medicine in the treatment of functional dyspepsia / 国际中医中药杂志

According to related literature on the treatment of functional dyspepsia by the combination of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in recent years, the general rule was summerized. In this paper, the relevant literature was summarized from the traditional Chinese medicine on disease, etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and clinical treatment of functional dyspepsia.

Effects of astragaloside Ⅳ on apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of astragalo-side IV on apoptosis of PC12 cells inducedby hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation. Metheds PC12 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group,hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group, astragaloside Ⅳ group and vehicle group. Hypoxia/hy-poglycemia and reoxygenation group, astragaloside Ⅳgroup and vehiclegroup were exposed to reoxygenation (12 h) after 3 h of oxygen and glucose deprivation, and astragaloside Ⅳ was added into cells at the same time. Inverted microscope was used to observe the morphological changes ofPC12 cells and MTT method to detect the activities of PC12 cells, and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and TUNEL staining were used to meas-ure the apoptosis of PC12 cells. Results Compared with normal control group, cells became round or swol-len and its cellula processes were retracted or disap-peared in hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group;a large number of apoptotic cells could also be observed,whose nucleus were shrinkaged, fragmented or deep-stained. The activities of hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group were decreased markedly than those in normalcontrol group(P0. 05 ) . Conclusion Astragaloside IV can reduce the damage of PC12 cells induced by hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation, increase cell activity and inhibit cell apoptosis.

Efficacy comparison between pemetrexed combined with cisplatin and docetaxel combined with cisplatin in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To compare efficacy of pemetrexed (MTA) combined with cisplatin (DDP) and docetaxel (TXT) combined with DDP in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods 50 patients with NSCLC from May 1, 2013 to May 1, 2015 in the hospital were seleced and randomly divided into two groups:MTA group (n=25) were received MTA combined with DDP, and TXT group(n=25) were received TXT combined with DDP, for a course of twenty-one days.After treatment, the efficacy of two therapy as well as adverse reactions were compared.ResuIts After treatment, the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vasccular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) levels in MTA group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P0.05).The adverse reaction of nausea and vomiting, anemia, low platelet count, neutropenia and alopecia in MTA group was lower than that in TXT group (40.00%vs.72.00%,χ2 =5.195,P<0.05).ConcIusion The efficacy of MTA combined with DDP and TXT combined with DDP in treatment of NSCLC is similar, but the adverse reactions of fomer one is lower.

The value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide test in diagnosis and treatment of senile heart failure with normal ejection fraction / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide test in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly heart failure patients with normal ejection fraction,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods 104 patients with heart failure were selected,at the same time,30 elderly patients with normal heart function in our hospital were selected as the control group.The plasma brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac color Doppler ultrasound were examined.The plasma brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,left ventricular mass index,left ventricular diastolic diameter and ventricular septal thickness were compared between two groups ; at the same time,peptide and left ventricular plasma brain natriuretic ejection fraction were compared in heart failure patients with different levels of NYHA.Results The plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,left ventricular mass index in the heart failure group were (401.37 ± 368.63) ng/L,(13.42 ± 1.33) mm,(130.62 ± 9.18) g/m2,which were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction of the heart failure group was (51.36 ±4.41) ％,which was significantly lower than the control group(P ＜0.05).The left ventricular ejection fraction of patients with different NYHA grading in the heart failure group was significantly lower than that of the control group(all P ＜0.05),plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with different NYHA grading were significantly higher than those in the control group,and with the elevated levels of NYHA classification,the plasma brain natriuretic peptide level increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of plasma brain natriuretic peptide in elderly heart failure patients with normal ejection fraction was significantly increased,and with the increase of NYHA grade,plasma brain natriuretic peptide level rised,it is important to assess diagnosis and severity of this disease.